The current study was done on Ulmus pumila L.in Horqin sandy land (42°36’~45°20’N,117°45’~124°06’E). Samples were collected according to the principles of ecological environment, perception and restoration. The results reached the 0.001 confidence level. Moreover, the correlation coefficients between the standard chronology and the June, July, August and September air temperature were -0.442, -0.433, -0.440, and -0.545, respectively, at 0.001 confidence level. The growth of U. pumila L. had relatively strong dependence on the July, August, September, and annual rainfall. In addition, the rainfall of one and two years before the primary year also had effects on the number of U.pumila L. Generally, the rainfall in Horqin sandy land changed relatively gentle from 1826 to 1957, and presented a decreasing trend during the recent 50 years. These indicate that the climate tended to be dry.