Study on the content, ratio and distribution of certain elements in lake sediments is broadly applied in regional climate and environmental changes. The methods include analysis of content and ratio of major elements in lake sediments, analysis of content and the ratio of characteristic elements in organic matter, analysis of the distribution characteristics of the isotopes, and analysis of rare-earth element models. The variation of the content and ratio of major elements and organic characteristic elements can indicate the temperature of lake, precipitation, climatic fluctuation and the process of element migration in the sedimentary period. The characteristics of isotopic distribution and the analysis of the rare-earth element model can be used to determinate the deposition rate, establish the chronological evolution sequence, and infer the process of lake evolution and water supply conditions.