Chahanwusu gold deposit in Aierbing gold- polymetallic belt in South Tianshan is attributed to quartz vein and altered rock type gold deposit, which is related to Variscan intermediate-acid magmatism. Analysis of rock samples from primary halos and determination of thin sections indicated that gold mineralization and natural bismuth in this area has a closed relationship, showing bismuth anomaly could be made as an important indicator and guide for gold prospecting.