Geochemical parameters of top and deep soils as well as geochemical baseline and background were calculated based on multi-purpose regional geochemical survey covering Yangtze River-Huaihe River basin of Anhui Province. The concentrations of most elements in top soils are mainly controlled by their concentrations in deep soils. The concentrations of some elements in different soil layers are apparently different. Soil formation processes and anthropogenic activities have had remarkable impact on the distribution of elemental concentrations in soils. It is demonstrated that soil parent material usually has significant influence on geochemical baseline.