In this paper, the authors review the development,calculation methods, influence factors and research status of Ba as ocean productivity proxy, and further state the application in China marginal sea. Preliminary research of biogenic Ba on sediments at ODP 1148 site in South China Sea suggests that Ba could be a reliable paleoproductivity proxy in the northern SCS since middle Miocene, which show a good correlation between concentration of CaCO3 and biogenic Ba during 0~14 Ma. To a certain extent, there is need to further research the method of how to get biogenic Ba because of much terrigenous material inputted to marginal sea. Any proxy has its limitation, so, synthetically combination of several proxies will help to obtain more reliable reconstructions for paleoproductivity in the SCS or other sea area.