In this paper, the techniques of proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) were employed to analyze the chemical composition and mineral structure of modern Lantian Jade from Shaanxi Province. The results indicate that the specimens can be divided into two kinds. The major mineral of the first kind is serpentine, the major mineral of most specimens is antigorite whose Raman characteristic peaks occur at 231, 373, 458, 527, 648, 681 and 1 045 cm-1. However, one of the specimens belongs to lizardite whose Raman characteristic peaks occur at 226, 344, 379, 462, 623, 690 and 1 098 cm-1, with lizardite being found in Lantian Jade for the first time. The major minerals of the second kind are serpentine, calcite or augite, together with minor dolomite, talc and tremolite.