A new species of Gobiolagus (Lagomorpha: Palaeolagidae) from the Middle Eocene locality of Aliwusu ( Erlian Basin, Inner Mongolia, China) is described. Gobiolagus aliwusuensis sp. nov. is characterized by its medium size, accessory cusp on the anterior wall of P3 central lobe and by two distinct buccal cusps on P4. The material from Aliwusu constitutes the only record of Gobiolagus with complete upper dental rows, which contain previously unknown P2 and M3. This discovery adds new data on the morphology and diversification of Middle Eocene lagomorph fauna in central Asia.