A significant tectonic event was recorded in late Oligocene sediments from ODP Site 1148 and Pearl RiverMouthBasin. This tectonic event coincided with the seafloor spreading axis jump event across the Oligocene/Miocene boundary, leading to a series of changes not only in seafloor spreading direction but also types of sedimentary basins and sediment provenances, and representing the greatest tectonic activity in the South China Sea region since the Oligocene. Sedimentation breaks and slumps as well as obvious changes in sediment composition across the Oligocene/Miocene boundary indicate the existence of the tectonic event, which transformed the Pearl River Mouth Basin from a graben basin to a down-warped basin, and the sedimentary environment in the Baiyun Sag area from continental shelf in the late Oligocene to continental slope since the early Miocene.