The biologic-source constitution, sedimentary environment and maturity of organic matter in the Cenozoic hydrocarbon source rocks in Yaxicuo Group are researched by means of biomarker analysis technology combined with other geochemical data. The results show that the main sources of the organic matters are algaes and bacteria and higher plants. Some of the biomarkers indicate that the sedimentary environment is characterized by the reduced lake conditions and high salinity. And integrated with other proxies of maturity, it is concluded that the organic matter of the source rocks is mainly in a low maturity-maturity stage.