Provenance of the Carboniferous in the Bayanhot Basin has been studied by means of thin section analysis cathodoluminescence of quartz etc.. The results show that the dominant sediment source during the deposition of the Carboniferous in Bayanhot Basin came from the Alxa ancient land in the northern, the Longxi ancient land in the southeast, the Longshou mountain in the western, and the Luozi mountain in the Eastern. The mother rock is mainly metamorphic rocks of Archean and Proterozoic, sedimentary rocks of Former Carboniferous and magmatic rocks of Caledonian.