Ecology under lake ice
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- 作者：Stephanie E. Hampton ; Aaron W. E. Galloway ; Stephen M. Powers ; Ted Ozersky ; Kara H. Woo ; Ryan D. Batt ; Stephanie G. Labou ; Catherine M. O'Reilly ; Sapna Sharma ; Noah R. Lottig ; Emily H. Stanley ; Rebecca L. North ; Jason D. Stockwell ; Rita Adrian ; Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer ; Lauri Arvola ; Helen M. Baulch ; Isabella Bertani ; Larry L. Bowman Jr. ; Cayelan C. Carey ; Jordi Catalan ; William Colom-Montero ; Leah M. Domine ; Marisol Felip ; Ignacio Granados ; Corinna Gries ; Hans-Peter Grossart ; Juta Haberman ; Marina Haldna ; Brian Hayden ; Scott N. Higgins ; Jeff C. Jolley ; Kimmo K. Kahilainen ; Enn Kaup ; Michael J. Kehoe ; Sally MacIntyre ; Anson W. Mackay ; Heather L. Mariash ; Robert M. McKay ; Brigitte Nixdorf ; Peeter Nõ ; ges ; Tiina Nõ ; ges ; Michelle Palmer ; Don C. Pierson ; David M. Post ; Matthew J. Pruett ; Milla Rautio ; Jordan S. Read ; Sarah L. Roberts ; Jacqueline Rü ; cker ; Steven Sadro ; Eugene A. Silow ; Derek E. Smith ; Robert W. Sterner ; George E. A. Swann ; Maxim A. Timofeyev ; Manuel Toro ; Michael R. Twiss ; Richard J. Vogt ; Susan B. Watson ; Erika J. Whiteford and Marguerite A. Xenopoulos
- 刊名：Ecology Letters
- 出版年：2017
- 出版时间：January 2017
- 年：2017
- 卷：20
- 期：1
- 页码：98-111
- 全文大小：903K
- ISSN：1461-0248
文摘
Winter conditions are rapidly changing in temperate ecosystems, particularly for those that experience periods of snow and ice cover. Relatively little is known of winter ecology in these systems, due to a historical research focus on summer ‘growing seasons’. We executed the first global quantitative synthesis on under-ice lake ecology, including 36 abiotic and biotic variables from 42 research groups and 101 lakes, examining seasonal differences and connections as well as how seasonal differences vary with geophysical factors. Plankton were more abundant under ice than expected; mean winter values were 43.2% of summer values for chlorophyll a, 15.8% of summer phytoplankton biovolume and 25.3% of summer zooplankton density. Dissolved nitrogen concentrations were typically higher during winter, and these differences were exaggerated in smaller lakes. Lake size also influenced winter-summer patterns for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), with higher winter DOC in smaller lakes. At coarse levels of taxonomic aggregation, phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition showed few systematic differences between seasons, although literature suggests that seasonal differences are frequently lake-specific, species-specific, or occur at the level of functional group. Within the subset of lakes that had longer time series, winter influenced the subsequent summer for some nutrient variables and zooplankton biomass.