The limitations of electrical resistance for accurate positioning of shape-memory actuators: The case of well-oriented CuZnAl single-crystals under uniaxial loading
The use of electrical resistance as a feedback signal for positioning of shape memory based actuators is critically revised. A physics-based model relating electrical resistance variation with strain for a single crystal benchmark case is presented. Even in the simplest case, a straightforward accurate correlation between strain and electrical resistance does not exist. Guidelines for selection of a shape memory material for actuator positioned through the electrical resistance are formulated.