A review was carried out to address three questions considered fundamental to improving outcome in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer:
Can radiotherapy regimens be optimised using advanced radiotherapy techniques to improve local control rate and overall survival?
Can systemic therapy regimens be optimised to reduce the risk of distant metastases?
Should concurrent chemoradiotherapy be considered standard of care for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer in the elderly?
It is clear that further improvement in outcome for these patients will be determined by better local control and by reducing the risk of distant recurrence. Given the technological advances in radiotherapy planning and delivery in recent years plus the abundance of novel targeted therapies exploiting critical oncogenic pathways, further advances in combined drug-radiation treatment for lung cancer seem highly possible.