Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by fungal enzymes: A review

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• 作者：Tayssir Kadri¹ ; Tarek Rouissi¹ ; Satinder Kaur Brar¹ ; ^{satinder.brar@ete.inrs.ca} ; Maximiliano Cledon¹ ; Saurabhjyoti Sarma¹ ; Mausam Verma²
• 关键词：P ; Phanerochaete ; C ; Coriolus ; T ; Trametes ; P ; Pleurotus ; I ; Irpex ; LiP ; lignin peroxidase ; MnP ; Mn-peroxidase ; VP ; versatile peroxidase ; LAC ; laccase ; ABTS ; 2 ; 2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ; VA ; 3 ; 4-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol ; veratryl alcohol ; PAHs ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; ANT ; Anthracene ; PHE ; Phenanthrene ; FLU ; Fluorene ; PYR ; Pyrene ; FLA ; Fluoranthene ; CHR ; Chrysene ; B[a]P ; Benzo[a]pyrene ; B[a]A ; Benzo[a]anthracene ; IP ; Ionization potential ; WRF ; White-rot fungi
• 刊名：Journal of Environmental Sciences
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：January 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：51
• 期：Complete
• 页码：52-74
• 全文大小：1001 K
• 卷排序：51

文摘

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of chemicals. They represent an important concern due to their widespread distribution in the environment, their resistance to biodegradation, their potential to bioaccumulate and their harmful effects. Several pilot treatments have been implemented to prevent economic consequences and deterioration of soil and water quality. As a promising option, fungal enzymes are regarded as a powerful choice for degradation of PAHs. Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatus and Bjerkandera adusta are most commonly used for the degradation of such compounds due to their production of ligninolytic enzymes such as lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase. The rate of biodegradation depends on many culture conditions, such as temperature, oxygen, accessibility of nutrients and agitated or shallow culture. Moreover, the addition of biosurfactants can strongly modify the enzyme activity. The removal of PAHs is dependent on the ionization potential. The study of the kinetics is not completely comprehended, and it becomes more challenging when fungi are applied for bioremediation. Degradation studies in soil are much more complicated than liquid cultures because of the heterogeneity of soil, thus, many factors should be considered when studying soil bioremediation, such as desorption and bioavailability of PAHs. Different degradation pathways can be suggested. The peroxidases are heme-containing enzymes having common catalytic cycles. One molecule of hydrogen peroxide oxidizes the resting enzyme withdrawing two electrons. Subsequently, the peroxidase is reduced back in two steps of one electron oxidation. Laccases are copper-containing oxidases. They reduce molecular oxygen to water and oxidize phenolic compounds.