Soft electronic structure modulation of surface (thin-film) and bulk (ceramics) morphologies of TiO2-host by Pb-implantation: XPS-and-DFT characterization
Experiment and theory demonstrate significant difference between patterns of Pb-ion implantation in TiO2. In bulk TiO2 Pb-impurities leads formation of PbO phase. On the surface of TiO2:Pb occur formation of PbxOy configurations. In both bulk and surface TiO2:Pb occur decreasing of the bandgap by shift of valence band about 1 eV up.