Eleven adult patients diagnosed with uric acid urolithiasis were retrospectively analyzed. Melamine levels in their overnight one-spot urine samples were measured by a triple quadrupole liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The compositions of stone samples were analyzed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).
Seven (63.6 % ) out of 11 patients had detectable melamine levels in their urine specimens (method of detection limit: 0.8 ng/ml). Three patients (27.3 % ) were highly suspected of having melamine-containing urolithiasis in FTIR spectra. In one of those three cases who still had available stored stone specimens, MALDI-TOF MS further confirmed melamine components in this male patient's stone specimens. In contrast, his urinary melamine level was below the detection limit by LC-MS/MS.
Direct analysis of melamine in the composition of urolithiasis by MALDI-TOF MS can be an additional analytical method to evaluate for external melamine exposure.