• 作者：D. Moreno-Pé ; rez ; ^{dmp.malaga@gmail.com} ; F.J. Á ; lvarez Garcí ; a ; J. Arí ; stegui Ferná ; ndez ; F. Barrio Corrales ; M.J. Cilleruelo Ortega ; J.M. Corretger Rauet ; J. Gonzá ; lez-Hachero ; T. Herná ; ndez-Sampelayo Matos ; M. Merino Moí ; na ; L. Ortigosa del Castillo ; J. Ruiz-Contreras ; en representació ; n del Comité ; Asesor de Vacunas de la Asociació ; n Españ ; ola de Pediatrí ; a ; Españ ; a ^&loz ;
• 关键词：Vacunas ; Calendario de vacunació ; n ; Enfermedades inmunoprevenibles ; Calendarios de vacunació ; n acelerados
• 刊名：Anales de Pediatr¨ªa
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：January, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：78
• 期：1
• 页码：59.e1-59.e27
• 全文大小：1381 K

The Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics (CAV-AEP) updates the immunisation schedule every year, taking into account epidemiological data as well as evidence on the safety, effectiveness and efficiency of vaccines.

The present schedule includes levels of recommendation. We have graded as routine vaccinations those that the CAV-AEP consider all children should receive; as recommended those that fit the profile for universal childhood immunisation and would ideally be given to all children, but that can be prioritised according to the resources available for their public funding; and as risk group vaccinations those that specifically target individuals in situations of risk. Immunisation schedules tend to be dynamic and adaptable to ongoing epidemiological changes. Nevertheless, the achievement of a unified immunisation schedule in all regions of Spain is a top priority for the CAV-AEP.

Based on the latest epidemiological trends, CAV-AEP follows the innovations proposed in the last year's schedule, such as the administration of the first dose of the MMR and the varicella vaccines at age 12 months and the second dose at age 2-3 years, as well as the administration of the Tdap vaccine at age 4-6 years, always followed by another dose at 11-14 years of age, preferably at 11-12 years.

The CAV-AEP believes that the coverage of vaccination against human papillomavirus in girls aged 11-14 years, preferably at 11-12 years, must increase. It reasserts its recommendation to include vaccination against pneumococcal disease in the routine immunisation schedule. Universal vaccination against varicella in the second year of life is an effective strategy and therefore a desirable objective.

Vaccination against rotavirus is recommended in all infants due to the morbidity and elevated healthcare burden of the virus. The Committee stresses the need to vaccinate population groups considered at risk against influenza and hepatitis A.

Finally, it emphasizes the need to bring incomplete vaccinations up to date following the catch-up immunisation schedule.