TGF尾 promotes tumor growth during cancer through Smad-independent mechanisms.
TGF尾 does not have single signaling signature.
TGF尾 and its receptors participate in crosstalk with various MAPK pathways.
Wnt and TGF尾 together regulate genes that are involved in the EMT.
Genetic alterations to TGF尾 signalling further add to the complexity of TGF尾 crosstalk.