The roles of cysteine proteases and phytocystatins in development and germination of cereal seeds
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- 作者：Joanna Szewińska ; joanna_szewinska@sggw.pl ; Joanna Simińska ; Wiesław Bielawski
- 关键词：ABA ; abscisic acid ; ABRE ; ABA responsive element ; AREBs ; ABRE binding proteins ; BPBF ; Barley Prolamine box Binding Factor ; CP ; cysteine protease ; DAP ; day after pollination ; DOF ; DNA binding One Zinc Finger ; GA ; gibberellin ; GAMYB ; GARE binding protein ; GARC ; GA response complex ; GARE ; GA response element ; PCD ; programmed cell death ; PHS ; preharvest sprouting ; PhyCys ; phytocystatin ; SAD ; scutellum and aleurone-expressed DOF ; TF ; transcription factor ; VPE ; vacuolar processing enzyme
- 刊名：Journal of Plant Physiology
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：1 December 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：207
- 期：Complete
- 页码：10-21
- 全文大小：2069 K
- 卷排序：207
文摘
Proteolysis is an important process for development and germination of cereal seeds. Among the many types of proteases identified in plants are the cysteine proteases (CPs) of the papain and legumain families, which play a crucial role in hydrolysing storage proteins during seed germination as well as in processing the precursors of these proteins and the inactive forms of other proteases. Moreover, all of the tissues of cereal seeds undergo progressive degradation via programed cell death, which is integral to their growth. In view of the important roles played by proteases, their uncontrolled activity could be harmful to the development of seeds and young seedlings. Thus, the activities of these enzymes are regulated by intracellular inhibitors called phytocystatins (PhyCys). The phytocystatins inhibit the activity of proteases of the papain family, and the presence of an additional motif in their C-termini allows them to also regulate the activity of members of the legumain family. A balance between the levels of cysteine proteases and phytocystatins is necessary for proper cereal seed development, and this is maintained through the antagonistic activities of gibberellins (GAs) and abscisic acid (ABA), which regulate the expression of the corresponding genes. Transcriptional regulation of cysteine proteases and phytocystatins is determined by cis-acting elements located in the promoters of these genes and by the expression of their corresponding transcription factors (TFs) and the interactions between different TFs.