Analysis of metallic and metal oxide nanomaterial environmental emissions

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Thabet Tolaymat^a ; ^{thabet.tolaymat@epa.gov} ; Amro El Badawy^b ; Ash Genaidy^b ; Wael Abdelraheem^b ; ^c ; Reynold Sequeira^b
• 关键词：Emission ; Engineered nanomaterials ; Physical-chemical properties ; Environment
• 刊名：Journal of Cleaner Production
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：1 February 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：143
• 期：Complete
• 页码：401-412
• 全文大小：1292 K
• 卷排序：143

文摘

The current study presents evidence on metallic and metal oxide engineered nanomaterial (ENM) emissions into the environment and an analytic perspective of the outcomes of evaluated studies with respect to different individual end points along the lifecycle trajectory. The key findings suggest that 1) the published literature on emissions of metallic ENMs is limited in both the number and information available on the characteristics of emitted ENMs; 2) the studies are classified as experimental and computational studies focused on predicting ENM emissions; 3) the majority of studies investigated ENM emissions during nanomaterial use and waste management, followed by raw material manufacturing, and finally, nano-enabled product manufacturing; 4) the studies primarily reported the concentration/quantity of emitted ENMs, whereas the physical–chemical characteristics of emitted ENMs were rarely measured or reported; and 5) the published literature primarily focused on emissions of silver and titanium dioxide ENMs and lacked similar information on other surging metallic and metal oxide ENMs such as nano-zero valent iron (nZVI), aluminum (Al), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) ENMs. The evidence suggests that emitted nanoparticles into the air cover a wide range of concentrations below and above the allowable occupational exposure limits. The concentrations of nanoparticles in water systems are considered in the toxic to very toxic range for a variety of biological species. Given the critical gaps in knowledge, one cannot read across different sources of emissions for metallic and metal oxide ENMs hampering efforts with respect to understanding realistic scenarios for transformations in the natural environment and biological media.