Comparison of Echocardiographic Measures of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Early Hypertension

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• 作者：Ibrahim Almuntaser ; Angie Brown ; Ross Murphy ; Peter Crean ; Gerard King ; Azra Mahmud ; John Feely
• 关键词：Self-defense training ; Program evaluation ; Women ; Psychological outcomes ; Behavioral outcomes
• 刊名：The American Journal of Cardiology
• 出版年：2007
• 出版时间：15 December 2007
• 年：2007
• 卷：100
• 期：12
• 页码：1771-1775
• 全文大小：75 K

文摘

The main goal of women's self-defense training is to strengthen women's capacity to defend themselves against potential attacks. Yet, the effects of women's self-defense training extend considerably beyond this objective, including physical, psychological, and behavioral impacts. Twenty quantitative studies that assess the effects of self-defense training on female participants are reviewed in this article. The evaluation outcomes focused on in this review include: psychological/attitudinal (assertiveness, self-esteem, anxiety, perceived control, fear of sexual assault, and self-efficacy) and behavioral outcomes (physical competence and avoidance behaviors). Limitations of these evaluations will also be highlighted. Finally, suggestions for the development of future self-defense training programs will be presented, along with a discussion of implications for future research evaluating women's self-defense programs.