Adding SiO2 to N doped TiO2 films increased the band gap energy of the films.
SiO2 addition encouraged crack formation in N doped TiO2 thin films.
Addition of SiO2 weakened visible light activity and hydrophilicity of TiO2 films.
All films passed nanoscratch testing without detachment from the substrates.
Results propose using non-silica films on steel for application in visible light.