The effect of θ on the melting characteristics of the PCM in a LHTES unit is investigated.
The melting rate of the PCM in the unit with fins installed at θ = 0° is the highest throughout the melting process.
The dimensionless criterion relationship between f and FoSteRa1/6 when θ = 0° is obtained.
The heat transfer mechanism of the melting process can be divided into four stages.