Comparison of the classically conditioned withdrawal reflex in cerebellar patients and healthy control subjects during stance: 2. Biomechanical characteristics

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• 作者：D.F. Kutz^a ; ^{Dieter.Kutz@lrz.uni-muenchen.de" class="auth_mail} ; Th. Kaulich^a ; ^{thomas.kaulich@web.de" class="auth_mail} ; W. Fö ; hre^a ; ^{w.foehre@web.de" class="auth_mail} ; M. Gerwig^b ; ^{Marcus.Gerwig@uk-essen.de" class="auth_mail} ; D. Timmann^b ; ^{Dagmar.Timmann-Braun@uni-duisburg-essen.de" class="auth_mail} ; F.P. Kolb^a ; ^{f.kolb@lmu.de" class="auth_mail}
• 关键词：CBL ; cerebellar patients ; CTRL ; healthy control subjects ; TA ; tibial anterior muscle ; EMG ; electromygraphy ; CVP ; center of vertical pressure ; cpo ; contralateral push-off peak ; ipo ; ipsilateral push-off peak ; clp1 ; contralateral load peak 1 ; clp2 ; contralateral load peak 2 ; iup ; ipsilateral unloading peak (in CSUS trials) ; iup1 ; ipsilateral unloading peak 1 ; iup2 ; ipsilateral unloading peak 2 (both in US-alone trials)
• 刊名：Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
• 出版年：March, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：109
• 期：Complete
• 页码：178-192
• 全文大小：5556 K

文摘

This study addresses cerebellar involvement in classically conditioned nociceptive lower limb withdrawal reflexes in standing humans. A preceding study compared electromyographic activities in leg muscles of eight patients with cerebellar disease (CBL) and eight age-matched controls (CTRL). The present study extends and completes that investigation by recording biomechanical signals from a strain-gauge-equipped platform during paired auditory conditioning stimuli (CS) and unconditioned stimuli (US) trials and during US-alone trials. The withdrawal reflex performance鈥攍ifting the stimulated limb (decreasing the vertical force from that leg, i.e. 鈥榰nloading鈥? and transferring body weight to the supporting limb (increasing the vertical force from that leg, i.e. 鈥榣oading鈥?鈥攚as quantified by the corresponding forces exerted onto the platform. The force changes were not simultaneous but occurred as a sequence of multiple force peaks at different times depending on the specific limb task (loading or unloading). Motor learning, expressed by the occurrence of conditioned responses (CR), is characterized by this sequence beginning already within the CSUS window. Loading and unloading were delayed and prolonged in CBL, resulting in incomplete rebalancing during the analysis period. Trajectory loops of the center of vertical pressure鈥攄erived from vertical forces鈥攚ere also incomplete in CBL within the recording period. However, exposing CBL to a CS resulted in motor improvement reflected by shortening the time of rebalancing and by optimizing the trajectory loop. In summary, associative responses in CBL are not absent although they are less frequent and of smaller amplitude than in CTRL.