• 作者：Isidro Toro-Moyano ; Henry de Lumley ; Beatriz Fajardo ; D&#xe9 ; borah Barsky ; Dominique Cauche ; Vincenzo Celiberti ; Sophie Gr&#xe9 ; goire ; Bienvenido Martinez-Navarro ; Maria Patrocinio Espigares ; Sergio R
• 关键词：Oldest evidence ; Raw material ; Flint knapping ; “ ; Chaine op&#xe9 ; ratoire”
• 刊名：L'Anthropologie
• 出版年：2009
• 出版时间：January-March 2009
• 年：2009
• 卷：113
• 期：1
• 页码：111-124
• 全文大小：2674 K

The archaeological localities of Barranco León and Fuente Nueva 3 in Orce, Grenade, in actuality have the oldest lithic artifacts in Europe; they are the oldest evidence of human occupation in the east of Europe. When compared the results from faunal analysis and magnetostratigraphical study, notably through the presence of Allophaiomys lavocati allow for a date of around 1.3 Ma. The raw material used for developing these lithic industries are, basically limestone or siliceous rocks, these raw materials selected were smoothed down in situ. The techniques used are knapping at raised with a hammerstone, and we can find all the different elements of the “chaine opératoire”. Both localities are characterised by the predominance of flakes and debris, cores, and some knapped cobbles sowing mediocre aspect. The technical and typological features of both lithic assemblages have an opportunist character but they are relatively sophisticated too.