15d-PGJ2 exhibited cytotoxicity via inhibiting the PI3K signaling in primary neurons. PI3K was required for neuronal survival throughout maturation regardless serum. PI3K activator prevented neurons from undergoing the 15d-PGJ2-induced cell death. Injection of 15d-PGJ2 into hippocampus impaired contextual memory retrieval. PI3K activator suppressed the 15d-PGJ2-impaired hippocampal memory retrieval.