Pressure-volume loop-derived cardiac indices during dobutamine stress: a step towards understanding limitations in cardiac output in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome

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• 作者：James Wong ; Kuberan Pushparajah ; Adelaide de Vecchi ; Bram Ruijsink ; Gerald F. Greil ; Tarique Hussain ; Reza Razavi ; ^{reza.razavi@kcl.ac.uk}
• 关键词：Magnetic resonance imaging ; Congenital heart disease ; Hypoplastic left heart syndrome ; Catheterisation ; Fontan procedure
• 刊名：International Journal of Cardiology
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：1 March 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：230
• 期：Complete
• 页码：439-446
• 全文大小：745 K
• 卷排序：230

文摘

Children with a single systemic right ventricle, such as in hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), frequently experience reduced exercise capacity. Elucidating the causes could help with optimising treatment strategies.MethodsProspective data from 10 consecutive symptomatic patients with HLHS undergoing clinical cardiac magnetic resonance with catheterisation (XMR) were analysed. Mean age 8.6 years (range 3.5–11.6 years), mean time since Fontan completion 5.5 years. MR-compatible catheters were placed in the systemic right ventricle and branch pulmonary arteries to record pressures at rest, with dobutamine infusion at 10 mcg/kg/min and at 20 mcg/kg/min. Cine short-axis stacks of the ventricle were performed at each condition and used to construct pressure–volume loops.ResultsCompared to rest, cardiac index increased with low-dose dobutamine (p < 0.01) with no further rise at peak stress despite a further, albeit, blunted rise in heart rate (p = 0.002). A fall in stroke volume occurred (p = 0.014) despite good contractility (74% increase, p = 0.045) and a well-coupled ventriculo-arterial ratio. End-diastolic pressure and early active relaxation, markers of diastolic function, were normal at rest. However, preload fell at peak stress (p < 0.008) while pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was low throughout. This group of HLHS patients demonstrated a fall in SV at peak stress, coinciding with a fall in preload.ConclusionsMarkers of systolic and diastolic function remained normal. Failure to adequately fill the ventricle implies a ceiling of maximal flow through the Fontan circuit despite low PVR.