Orthopedic
interface tissue engineering aims
to mimic the structure and function of soft-
to-hard tissue junctions, particularly
bone-ligament,
bone-
tendon, and
bone-cartilage
interfaces. A range of engineering approaches has been proposed
to mimic the gradient architecture, physical properties and chemical characteristics of
interface tissues using conventional polymeric biomaterials. Recent developments in nanomaterials and nanofabrication technologies introduce a range of synthesis and fabrication
tools
to effectively engineer the structure and function of native tissue
interfaces. In this review, we will focus on nanoengineered strategies used
to replicate the structural and functional aspects of native biological tissues for engineering
bone-cartilage,
bone-ligament, and
bone-
tendon interfaces. This review will also highlight some of the emerging applications and future potential of nanomaterials and fabrication technologies in engineering tissue
interfaces.
Statement of Significance
A major challenge in engineering interfaces is to control the physical and structural characteristics of an artificial environment. The use of nanomaterials and nanoengineered strategies allow for greater control over the changes in structure and function at molecular and nanometer length scale. This review focuses on advanced nanomaterials and nanofabrication approaches developed to emulate bone-cartilage, bone-ligament, and bone-tendon interface regions. Some of the emerging nanoengineered biomaterials proposed to mimic tissue interfaces are also highlighted.