Neospora caninum infection in small ruminants in Italy was investigated.
Two subsequential serological tests (ELISA and Western Blot) were performed.
Prevalence was 5.7% in goats and 19.3% in sheep at individual level.
Farm prevalence was 32.1% for goats, 89.4% for sheep.
Small farms were at higher risk than intensive farms or transhumant flocks.