Diaphragm: A vital respiratory muscle in mammals

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• 作者：Thais Borges Lessa^a ; ^{thaisblessa32@gmail.com" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Dilayla Kelly de Abreu^a ; Bruno Machado Bertassoli^b ; Carlos Eduardo Ambró ; sio^c
• 关键词：History ; Mammalian diaphragm ; Muscular dystrophies ; Respiratory muscle
• 刊名：Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：May 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：205
• 期：Complete
• 页码：122-127
• 全文大小：853 K

文摘

The diaphragm is a respiratory muscle that is primarily responsible for the respiratory function in normal individuals. In mammals, the diaphragm muscle has been studied from the early days of zoology, comparative and experimental anatomy, physiology, medicine, physics, and philosophy. However, even with these early advances in knowledge pertaining to the diaphragm, comprehensive morphological data on the diaphragm are still incomplete. In this review, we summarize the beginnings of the morphological description of the diaphragm, and we describe the current status of the known morphological and embryological features. In addition, we correlate how the impairment of the diaphragm muscle in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) can lead to patient deaths. DMD is the most common X-linked muscle degenerative disease and is caused by a lack of dystrophin protein. Dystrophin is an important muscle protein that links the cellular cytoskeleton with the extracellular matrix. In the absence of dystrophin, the muscle becomes susceptible to damage during muscle contraction. This review allows researchers to obtain an overview of the diaphragm, transcending the morphological data from animals described in conventional literature.