Self-Fulfilling Prophecies, Perceptual Biases, and Accuracy at the Individual and Group Levels

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• 作者：Smith ; Alison E. ; Jussim ; Lee ; Eccles ; Jacquelynne ; VanNoy ; Michelle ; Madon ; Stephanie ; Palumbo ; Polly
• 刊名：Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
• 出版年：1998
• 出版时间：November, 1998
• 年：1998
• 卷：34
• 期：6
• 页码：530-561
• 全文大小：183 K

文摘

We examined ability grouping as a moderator of self-fulfilling prophecies in two ways. First, we examined ability group moderation for individual students with data from 1701 students and 97 teachers from sixth-grade math classes. Second, we examined ability group moderation at the class level with data from 108 sixth-grade math classes. Across both sets of analyses, results showed that: (1) teacher perceptions predicted student achievement primarily because those perceptions were accurate; (2) teacher perceptions biased marks for students in heterogenous classes (consistent with perceptual bias); and (3) self-fulfilling prophecies were strongest when students were grouped within classes. We also found that teacher perceptions mediated the relationship between within-class ability grouping and student achievement. Implications for understanding accuracy, the power of self-fulfilling prophecies, and group level perceptions are discussed.