Ashes deposited on probes during Zhundong lignite combustion systematically studied
Deposits on probe top were wide in sizes, rich in fluxing mineral, and sintered
Low melting-point mineral, hauyne, formed at 973 K, causing significant sintering
Deposits on probe side surface were fine in size, rich in Ca Mg S and sintered
Dominant ash deposition mechanisms on the probe tip and side surfaces identified