Direct contact membrane distillation was studied with PVDF and ePTFE membranes.
Pore size, thickness and porosity were respectively 0.05–0.45 µm, 23–125 µm, 0.7–0.8.
Membrane tortuosity was measured by gas diffusion through water-wet membrane pores.
Membrane resistance and two boundary layer resistances were isolated by Wilson plot.
Membrane resistances were predicted by Knudsen diffusion/transitional regime model.