Biodiesel production with nanotubular sodium titanate as a catalyst

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• 作者：Patricia Hern谩ndez-Hip贸lito ; Montserrat Garc铆a-Castillejos ; Elena Mart铆nez-Klimova ; Nohem铆 Ju谩rez-Flores ; Antonio G贸mez-Cort茅s ; Tatiana E. Klimova
• 关键词：Biodiesel ; Transesterification ; Heterogeneous catalyst ; Sodium titanate nanotubes ; Nanostructured titania
• 刊名：Catalysis Today
• 出版年：March, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：220-222
• 期：Complete
• 页码：4-11
• 全文大小：2163 K

文摘

Sodium titanate nanotubes (STNT) with a chemical formula Na₂Ti₃O₇路nH₂O were synthesized and tested as a heterogeneous catalyst in the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol. The catalyst was characterized by N₂ physisorption, powder XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and CO₂ temperature-programmed desorption (CO₂-TPD). It was found that the prepared catalyst had nanotubular structure, high sodium content (10.3 wt.%) and attractive textural characteristics (surface area around 200 m²/g and total pore volume of 0.61 cm³/g). The influence of the catalyst's loading, methanol to oil molar ratio, reaction time and temperature on the biodiesel yield was investigated. High biodiesel yields (97-100%) were obtained with the STNT catalyst at 8 h reaction time at methanol reflux temperature with 1-2 wt.% of the catalyst and 40:1 methanol:oil molar ratio. Increase in the reaction temperature to 100-120 掳C had a positive effect on the biodiesel yield. In this case, 99-100% yields were obtained with a lower catalyst loading (鈭? wt.%) and methanol to oil molar ratio (20:1). In addition, it was found that the STNT catalyst does not require high temperature thermal pre-treatment (activation) before the transesterification reaction. The reuse of the same catalyst in the transesterification reaction three times showed a decrease of about 10% in the catalytic activity.