ara0001">We model the joint production by-product synergy (BPS) operation of a retail grocer.
ara0002">BPS increases retail profit by avoiding waste disposal and reducing input costs.
ara0003">BPS can increase or decrease food waste depending on interactions with regulatory mechanisms.
ara0004">Tax credit and disposal fee are substitute mechanisms for food donation.
ara0005">Hybrid-BPS is easier to implement, and has more positive environmental impact.