Two new karlotoxins found in Karlodinium veneficum (strain GM2) from the East China Sea

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• 作者：Pengjie Cai^a ; ^b ; ¹ ; Shan He^a ; ^b ; ^c ; ¹ ; ^{heshan@nbu.edu.cn" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Chengxu Zhou^c ; Allen R. Place^d ; Saddef Haq^e ; Lijian Ding^a ; Haimin Chen^b ; Ying Jiang^c ; Cheng Guo^f ; Yaru Xu^a ; Jinrong Zhang^a ; Xiaojun Yan^b ; ^c ; ^{yanxiaojun@nbu.edu.cn" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author}
• 关键词：Dinoflagellate ; Karlodinium veneficum ; Karlotoxin ; East China Sea ; Hemolysis
• 刊名：Harmful Algae
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：September 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：58
• 期：Complete
• 页码：66-73
• 全文大小：1014 K

文摘

The dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum is a harmful algal bloom species with a worldwide distribution. This small athecate dinoflagellate makes a family of polyketide toxins that are hemolytic, cytotoxic and ichthyotoxic. The first chemical structure for karlotoxins from East China Sea (ECS) is reported here. The two new karlotoxins, namely 4,5-dihydro-KmTx 2 (compound 1) and 4,5-dihydro-dechloro-KmTx 2 (compound 2), were isolated and purified from monoalgal cultures of K. veneficum strain GM2. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis, including tandem mass spectrometry as well as 1D and 2D NMR experiments. These new karlotoxin congeners feature a saturated polyol arm different from previously reported for KmTx 2 that appears to increase hemolytic activity.