α-Pinene, linalool, and 1-octanol contribute to the topical anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of frankincense by inhibiting COX-2

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• 作者：Xiao-Jun Li¹ ; Yan-Jing Yang¹ ; Yu-Sang Li ; Wei Kevin Zhang ; He-Bin Tang ; ^{hbtang2006@mail.scuec.edu.cn" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author}
• 关键词：Frankincense ; Anti-inflammatory ; Analgesic ; Cyclooxygenase-2 ; Oil extract
• 刊名：Journal of Ethnopharmacology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：17 February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：179
• 期：Complete
• 页码：22-26
• 全文大小：5723 K

文摘

Frankincense oil and water extracts (FOE, FWE) have long been used for external treatment of inflammation and pain. The present study was conducted to identify the active ingredients responsible for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects and to determine the underlying mechanisms.

Materials and methods

The compositions of FOE and FWE were identified and compared by GC–MS. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the two extracts and their possible active ingredients (α-pinene, linalool, and 1-octanol) were evaluated and compared in a xylene-induced ear edema model and a formalin-inflamed hind paw model. Inflammatory infiltrates and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in hind paw skin were investigated by histological staining.

Results

The contents of α-pinene, linalool, and 1-octanol in FOE were much higher than those in FWE. Mice treated with FOE exhibited greater and faster lessening of swelling and pain than mice treated with FWE. The combination of the three components had more potent pharmacological effects on hind paw inflammation and COX-2 overexpression than the three components used alone.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that topical application of FOE or its active ingredients (including α-pinene, linalool, and 1-octanol) exhibit significantly anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects through inhibiting nociceptive stimulus-induced inflammatory infiltrates and COX-2 overexpression.