Semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) for monitoring PCDD and PCDF levels from a paper mill effluent in the Androscoggin River, Maine, USA

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• 作者：Lucner Charlestra ; David L. Courtemanch ; Aria Amirbahman ; Howard Patterson
• 关键词：Water quality ; Passive sampling ; Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins ; Polychlorinated dibenzofurans
• 刊名：Chemosphere
• 出版年：2008
• 出版时间：July 2008
• 年：2008
• 卷：72
• 期：8
• 页码：1171-1180
• 全文大小：403 K

文摘

Paper mill effluents may contain polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) that are normally generated due to chlorinated bleaching of pulp and paper. We used the semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) to monitor PCDD/F levels upstream and downstream of a paper mill on the Androscoggin River, in Jay (ME). Following the 36 day deployment, SPMD dialysis and cleanup, the samples were analyzed by HRGC/HRMS. Total concentrations of PCDD/Fs in SPMDs (sum of all tetra-through octachlorinated congeners) ranged from 4.71 pg g<sup>−1sup> to 26.26 pg g<sup>−1sup>. Five out of the targeted 17 toxic congeners were detected, including: 2,3,7,8-TCDF; 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF; 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF; 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD and OCDD. Permeability reference compounds (PRCs) were used for in situ calibration of the SPMD sampling rate (R<sub>ssub>). In all sites, water concentrations were the highest for OCDD (0.081–0.103 pg l<sup>−1sup>), and the lowest for 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF (0.005–0.009 pg l<sup>−1sup>). There was not a consistent pattern of upstream–downstream gradient in the PCDD/F levels. This suggested that processes other than the mill in Jay (multiple sources, river dynamics) governed the flux of PCDD/Fs in the sampling locations. The SPMD results were validated by comparison to other studies on the Androscoggin River and elsewhere, confirming the potential of the device as a useful monitoring technique for PCDD/Fs in large river systems.