Pain on injection of propofol: a comparison of methylene blue and lidocaine

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• 作者：Akgü ; n Ebru Salman MD ; ^a ; ^{ebus@hacettepe.edu.tr"" rel=""nofollow} ; Staff Anesthesiologist ; Mehmet Alper Salman MD^a ; Instructor ; Fatma Saricaoglu MD^a ; Associate Professor ; Seda Banu Akinci MD^a ; Associate Professor ; &#xdc ; lkü ; Aypar MD^a ; Professor
• 关键词：Anesthesia induction ; Injection pain ; Lidocaine ; Methylene blue ; Propofol
• 刊名：Journal of Clinical Anesthesia
• 出版年：2011
• 出版时间：June 2011
• 年：2011
• 卷：23
• 期：4
• 页码：270-274
• 全文大小：121 K

文摘

Study Objective

To investigate whether methylene blue, given before injection of propofol, was effective in reducing the frequency and severity of pain associated with propofol injection.

Design

Prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical study.

Setting

Operating room of a university hospital.

Patients

90 adult, ASA physical status 1 and 2 patients undergoing elective surgery.

Interventions

Patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups of 30 patients each. Group I received 50 mg of methylene blue, Group II received 40 mg of lidocaine, and Group III, the control group, was given normal saline. All drugs were given as a 2.0 mL bolus 45 seconds before propofol administration.

Measurements

Injection pain using vocal responses, facial grimacing, arm withdrawal, tears, and questioning of the patient were noted. A 4-point scale was used for documenting pain.

Main Results

Pain frequency was 90 % in the saline group, whereas the frequencies were significantly lower in the lidocaine and methylene blue groups (26.7 % and 40 % , respectively).

Conclusions

Intravenous pretreatment with methylene blue appears to be effective in reducing the pain during propofol injection.