Neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio and frequency of tumor-associated neutrophils are powerful and clinically relevant prognostic biomarkers in human oncology.

Peripheral blood low-density neutrophils are expanded in cancer patients and contain myeloid-derived suppressor cells.

Translation of mechanisms observed in murine models (including N1/N2 switch) to human oncology represents a current bottle neck in the field.

Identification and functional characterization of tumor-associated neutrophils and putative myeloid-derived suppressor cells in human tissues is another bottle neck in the field.