Pollen, ostracod and stable isotope records of palaeoenvironment and climate: Upper Miocene and Pliocene of the Çankırı Basin (Central Anatolia, Turkey)
The palynological analysis revealed the existence of a coniferous forest during late Miocene. A mixed coniferous forest with a widespread herbaceous understory was present in the early Pliocene. There were precipitation and salinity oscillations within the Pliocene. The climate was warm temperate and humid during the Late Miocene, warm temperate but more arid in the early Pliocene. The δ18Osulfate and 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios are indistinguishable from the marine evaporites.