New Cities Subway, Virtuous Trials or “Routes Tortuous”?

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• 作者：Maria Ferrara ; ^{maria.ferrara@unirc.it" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Antonino Destefano
• 关键词：network ; resilience ; Governance 2050.
• 刊名：Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：10 June 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：223
• 期：Complete
• 页码：499-502
• 全文大小：123 K

文摘

The enunciation of the concept of metropolitan city has been fed by a series of contributions and debates, not only from architects, but also from jurists, and experienced of territorial planning, which in the processes of depth change of the metropolitan phenomenon they have determined considerable transformations becoming motor of new organizations and setting different problems of management, as well as baiting renewed dynamics among political and social strengths. The urbanization of large urban areas, affecting rural depopulation and the sub explosion. urban. Large metropolitan areas are composed of:

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high concentration areas;

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large centers;

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the bleak suburbs;

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low-density areas;

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densely populated urban environments that coexist in a sub dominance condition between them, in which the conditions of life appear to be extremely uncomfortable.

When experience these conditions we see, not only the immigration process of rural areas to the city, but the immigration of masses of people who every day have to face the city, this involves economic, social and cultural rights in many civilizations and historical periods have occurred and have been a key feature in modern society unprecedented. These migrations are in the “metropolis” the focal point, in the sub urban fringe (with populations residing outside the administrative border spread like wildfire) where the attraction of the city center with degrades degrade the environment for the urbanization great masses. Big cities do not limit its effect modifiers within their administrative boundaries traced by politics, they shall obtain zoning and economic forces work of integration, in whole or in part, in economic, social and cultural system and have their focal point in metropolis. The densification in the administrative boundaries of the city until the collapse of urbanization in large areas, are processes that have taken significant pace in the big cities, in commercial ports and in the capitals. The phenomenon has brought with it an extensive transformation of urban centers, the protagonists of a poorly controlled development, which led to growing problems of public services, traffic, transport, housing and pollution. No wonder that the first proposals that have contributed to the emergence of metropolitan areas come from one of the countries that experienced the first industrial revolution, namely the United Kingdom.

Scholars agree that the phenomenon has also spread to many European cities, which turn out to be more modest size compared to cities in the United States, Japan and other countries, distinguishing itself in the inequality of the size ranking of cities.

In the Mediterranean countries, urbanization has been more delayed and based on industrial bases in most popular way, especially on the tertiary development.