To evaluate the phytochemical profile and the chemopreventive potential of Terminalia chebula fruit decoction prepared according to the ayurvedic decoction recipe.
The quali- and quantitative metabolite profiling of polyphenols was obtained using HPLC-UV/DAD and HPLC-ESI-MS. The crude decoction and purified compounds were tested for their capability to interact with the EphA2-ephrin-A1 system and for their antimutagenic properties against dietary and environmental mutagens (AA, 2-NF, NaN3, and heterocyclic amines IQ, MeIQ, MeIQx, Glu-P1, Glu-P2,) in the Ames-Salmonella/microsome assay, with and without enzymatic induction.
The decoction was found to contain 3,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-d-glucose (55.87 mg/g), chebulic acid (54.03 mg/g), ¦Â-punicalagin (41.25 mg/g), corilagin (40.31 mg/g), ¦Á-punicalagin (35.55 mg/g), chebulagic acid (29.09 mg/g), gallic acid (27.96 mg/g) 1,3,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-¦Â-d-glucose (24.25 mg/g) chebulinic acid (20.23 mg/g), 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-d-glucose (13.53 mg/g), ellagic acid (8.00 mg/g), 1,6-di-O-galloyl-d-glucose (4.16 mg/g). An inhibitory effect was recorded in both Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains against the mutagenic activity of heterocyclic amines (22-61 % ), promutagen AA (91-97 % ) and directly acting mutagen 2-NF (52 % ) with but not against NaN3 (7 % ). Galloyl derivatives allowed an inhibition of mutagenicity induced by MeIQ above 80 % at 0.01 mol/plate. Both decoction and purified compounds were able to modulate the EphA2-ephrinA1 system, suggesting a potential multiple chemopreventive mechanism.
The traditional ayurvedic decoction of Terminalia chebula may harbour a potential as a safe and low-cost chemopreventive agent at the intestinal level, if administered according to the ayurvedic specifications. Moreover, its recourse may enhance the presence of some polyphenolic constituents.