Relation of Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution to Brachial Artery Flow-Mediated Dilation and Reactive Hyperemia

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• 作者：Elissa H. Wilker ; ScD^a ; ^b ; ^{ewilker@bidmc.harvard.edu" class="auth_mail} ; Petter L. Ljungman ; MD ; PhD^a ; ^c ; Mary B. Rice ; MD^a ; ^d ; Itai Kloog ; PhD^e ; Joel Schwartz ; PhD^b ; Diane R. Gold ; MD^b ; Petros Koutrakis ; PhD^b ; Joseph A. Vita ; MD^f ; ^g ; Gary F. Mitchell ; MD^h ; Ramachandran S. Vasan ; MD^f ; ^g ; ⁱ ; Emelia J. Benjamin ; MD ; ScM^f ; ^g ; Naomi M. Hamburg ; MD^f ; ^g ; Murray A. Mittleman ; MD ; DrPH^a ; ^b
• 刊名：The American Journal of Cardiology
• 出版年：15 June 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：113
• 期：12
• 页码：2057-2063
• 全文大小：260 K

文摘

Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Impaired vascular responses may, in part, explain these findings, but the association of such long-term exposure with measures of both conduit artery and microvascular function has not been widely reported. We evaluated the association between residential proximity to a major roadway (primary or secondary highway) and spatially resolved average fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and baseline brachial artery diameter and mean flow velocity, flow-mediated dilation%, and hyperemic flow velocity, in the Framingham Offspring and Third Generation Cohorts. We examined 5,112 participants (2,731 [53%] women, mean age 49 ± 14 years). Spatially resolved average PM_2.5 was associated with lower flow-mediated dilation% and hyperemic flow velocity. An interquartile range difference in PM_2.5 (1.99 渭g/m³) was associated with −0.16% (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.27%, −0.05%) lower flow-mediated dilation% and −0.72 (95% CI −1.38, −0.06) cm/s lower hyperemic flow velocity%. Residential proximity to a major roadway was negatively associated with flow-mediated dilation%. Compared with living ≥400 m away, living <50 m from a major roadway was associated with 0.32% lower flow-mediated dilation (95% CI −0.58%, −0.06%), but results for hyperemic flow velocity had wide confidence intervals −0.68 cm/s (95% CI −2.29, 0.93). In conclusion, residential proximity to a major roadway and higher levels of spatially resolved estimates of PM_2.5 at participant residences are associated with impaired conduit artery and microvascular function in this large community-based cohort of middle-aged and elderly adults.