The study aimed at evaluating the diagnostic value of nasal lavage nuclear factor kappa B and cells as a less-invasive bench-side maneuver and inflammatory biomarkers in asthmatic children and correlating with asthma severity.
This case-control study recruited 60 asthmatic children from Pediatric Chest Clinic, Children’s Hospital; Ain Shams University. Thirty healthy non-asthmatic children-age and sex-matched were included as a control group. Nasal lavage cytology, nasal lavage NFκB and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % of predicted for age and sex were estimated.
Nasal lavage NFκB levels were significantly higher in asthmatics than in controls with a mean of 0.129 ± 0.113 μg/μg nuclear proteins and 0.0176 ± 0.013 μg/μg nuclear proteins, respectively. Nasal lavage NFκB and eosinophil levels were significantly higher with increasing asthma severity and with worsening levels of asthma control. Nasal lavage NFκB showed a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 87% in predicting asthma severity.
Despite that spirometry and clinical classification are the gold standards for grading of asthma, Nasal lavage NFκB and cells can be considered as a new less-invasive non-subjective inflammatory marker for assessment of different grades of asthma severity and control.