Multiple mycotoxin exposure determined by urinary biomarkers in rural subsistence farmers in the former Transkei, South Africa

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• 作者：Gordon S. Shephard ; Hester-Mari Burger ; Lucia Gambacorta ; Yun Yun Gong ; Rudolf Krska ; John P. Rheeder ; Michele Solfrizzo ; Chou Srey ; Michael Sulyok ; Angelo Visconti ; Benedikt Warth ; Liana van der Westhuizen
• 关键词：AFB1 ; AFM1 ; aflatoxin B1 ; M1 ; DOM-1 ; de-epoxydeoxynivalenol ; DON ; deoxynivalenol ; DON-GlcA ; DON-glucuronide ; FB1 ; FB2 ; fumonisin B1 ; B2 ; IAC ; immunoaffinity column ; JECFA ; Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives ; LC&ndash ; MS/MS ; liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry ; LOD ; limit of detection ; LOQ ; limit of quantification ; NIV ; nivalenol ; OTA ; ochratoxin A ; PBS ; phosphate buffered saline ; PDI ; probable daily intake ; PMTDI ; provisional maximum tolerable daily intake ; UPLC ; ultra-p
• 刊名：Food and Chemical Toxicology
• 出版年：December, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：62
• 期：Complete
• 页码：217-225
• 全文大小：604 K

文摘

Subsistence farmers are exposed to a range of mycotoxins. This study applied novel urinary multi-mycotoxin LC-MS/MS methods to determine multiple exposure biomarkers in the high oesophageal cancer region, Transkei, South Africa. Fifty-three female participants donated part of their maize-based evening meal and first void morning urine, which was analysed both with sample clean-up (single and multi-biomarker) and by a 鈥榙ilute-and-shoot鈥?multi-biomarker method. Results were corrected for recovery with LOD for not detected. A single biomarker method detected fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) (87% incidence; mean 卤 standard deviation 0.342 卤 0.466 ng/mg creatinine) and deoxynivalenol (100%; mean 20.4 卤 49.4 ng/mg creatinine) after hydrolysis with 尾-glucuronidase. The multi-biomarker 鈥榙ilute-and-shoot鈥?method indicated deoxynivalenol-15-glucuronide was predominantly present. A multi-biomarker method with 尾-glucuronidase and immunoaffinity clean-up determined zearalenone (100%; 0.529 卤 1.60 ng/mg creatinine), FB₁ (96%; 1.52 卤 2.17 ng/mg creatinine), 伪-zearalenol (92%; 0.614 卤 1.91 ng/mg creatinine), deoxynivalenol (87%; 11.3 卤 27.1 ng/mg creatinine), 尾-zearalenol (75%; 0.702 卤 2.95 ng/mg creatinine) and ochratoxin A (98%; 0.041 卤 0.086 ng/mg creatinine). These demonstrate the value of multi-biomarker methods in measuring exposures in populations exposed to multiple mycotoxins. This is the first finding of urinary deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, their conjugates, ochratoxin A and zearalenols in Transkei.