4-O-galloylalbiflorin (4-O-GA) was discovered as a novel BACE1 inhibitor. 4-O-GA could selectively inhibit the activity of BACE1 with IC50 5.11 ± 0.73 µM. 4-O-GA could decrease Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 levels in SH-SY5Y cells. Docking results showed 4-O-GA can well bind with key residues of BACE1.