Recent improvements in synchrotron X-ray sources (third generation) and in X-ray focusing elements have been realized. This result in delivering highly collimated quasi-monochromatic X-ray beams with tunable energy and beam focused down to sub-micrometer diameter. Preliminary results in the
μ-SXRF of single cells were obtained in the hard X-ray range. “Pink”-beam and compound refractive lenses were used resulting in a
1×10μm2 (
vertical×horizontal) beam size with a flux
5×1010photon/s/μm2. The experiment confirmed that high energy, high intensity X-rays were well suited for microanalysis of sensitive biological specimens such as freeze-dried cells. Results show that the synchrotron microprobe set-up at ESRF allows high sensitivity in trace element measurements for cells treated with pharmacological doses of an iodine-labeled anticancer drug.