ATP synthase from Escherichia coli: Mechanism of rotational catalysis, and inhibition with the ε subunit and phytopolyphenols

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• 作者：Mayumi Nakanishi-Matsui ; ^{nakanim@iwate-med.ac.jp" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Mizuki Sekiya ; Masamitsu Futai
• 关键词：εCTD ; carboxyl terminal domain of the ε subunit ; εNTD ; amino terminal domain of the ε subunit ; rps ; revolutions per second ; βTP ; β subunit with bound ATP ; βDP ; β subunit with bound ADP ; βE ; β subunit without a nucleotide ; AMP-PNP ; adenylyl imidodiphosphate ; ATPγS ; adenosine 5&prime ; -O-(3-thiotriphosphate) ; Pi ; inorganic phosphate ; IF1 ; inhibitory factor 1 ; DMC ; demethoxy curcumin
• 刊名：Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：1857
• 期：2
• 页码：129-140
• 全文大小：1769 K

文摘

ATP synthases (F_oF₁) are found ubiquitously in energy-transducing membranes of bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. These enzymes couple proton transport and ATP synthesis or hydrolysis through subunit rotation, which has been studied mainly by observing single molecules.

In this review, we discuss the mechanism of rotational catalysis of ATP synthases, mainly that from Escherichia coli, emphasizing the high-speed and stochastic rotation including variable rates and an inhibited state. Single molecule studies combined with structural information of the bovine mitochondrial enzyme and mutational analysis have been informative as to an understanding of the catalytic site and the interaction between rotor and stator subunits. We discuss the similarity and difference in structure and inhibitory regulation of F₁ from bovine and E. coli.

Unlike the crystal structure of bovine F₁ (α₃β₃γ), that of E. coli contains a ε subunit, which is a known inhibitor of bacterial and chloroplast F₁ ATPases. The carboxyl terminal domain of E. coli ε (εCTD) interacts with the catalytic and rotor subunits (β and γ, respectively), and then inhibits rotation. The effects of phytopolyphenols on F₁-ATPase are also discussed: one of them, piceatannol, lowered the rotational speed by affecting rotor/stator interactions.