Ba substitution in BFO MNPs promoted the photo Fenton catalytic degradation of toluene. Ba doping increased the number of oxygen vacancies and Fe2+ sites under visible light. Induced oxygen vacancies and Fe2+ exhibited important role in photodegradation of toluene. Complete degradation of toluene was achieved with visible light in pH = 5.5. 1O2 also contributed to photo Fenton catalytic degradation of toluene.